Adaptive immunity 194–195
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) 200
Antigen uptake 225–226
β2-microglobulin 53
Bacillus
anthracis 200, 205
subtilis 86
Bacterial receptors
on antigen presenting cells 173–175
combination of, 175–176
cross-talk between pathogen receptors
Bacterial toxins 200, 201
Bacterial uptake 82, 83, 225–226
Bacteroides thetaiotamicron 86
Birc1e 143
Bordetella pertussis 198, 202, 207, 211
Borrelia burgdorferi 197, 198
Brucella abortus
antigen presentation 62
Calnexin 52
Calreticulin 52
Candida albicans 39, 182, 183
CARD domain 37–38
Caspase-1 107
CCL20 86
CCR2 104
CCR9 87
CD45RBhi 231
CD103 87
Cholera toxin (CT) 197, 200, 205
Colitis, bacteria-induced 204
Complement pathway 194, 195
Costimulatory molecules 205
Coxiella burnetii 206
CpG-DNA 28, 35–36, 107
Crohn’s, disease 37, 90, 223, 228, 232
Cross-presentation 9, 160
CX3CL1 82
CX3CR1 226
C-type lectins (CLR) 174
in immune responses 179
cross-talk with TLR 179–183
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) 205
DC-SIGN 175, 179, 183
DEC-205 175, 179
Dectin-1 175, 182
Defective ribosomal products (DRIPS) 52
Dendritic cells aggresome-like structures (DALIS) 53
Dendritic cells
as bystander antigen presenting cells 164–165
B220+Ly6c+ 13, 84
CD4+ 10
CD8+ 9–10, 84
CD8– 10–11
CD11b+ 11–12, 84, 104
CD83+CD123+ 85
classification 3
conventional 3–7
cross-presentation 9, 160
cross-talk with epithelial cells 88–91
de-novo formed 6
dermal 12, 13
differentiation 14–17
in vivo depletion of 109
interstitial 12, 13
location 3–6
lymphoid organ, restricted 3–6, 8–12
lymphoid 15
ly49Q+ 13
ly49Q+ 13
maturation in response to bacteria 204–206
migratory 12–13
monocyte-derived 7
mucosal 86, 224
myeloid 15
non-lymphoid organ, restricted 6
Langerhans cells 6, 12
plasmacytoid 7, 13–14
resistance to NK mediated cell death 127–128
TIP-DCs 104–106
tolerogenic 224–225
Di-acyl lipoprotein 27
ERAD 60
Escherichia coli 56, 182
heat labile toxin (LT) 197, 200, 205
presentation of antigen 56
Fc receptor, γ 163
Fc receptor, neonatal 83
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) 199, 202
Flagellin 28, 107, 144
Flt3L 16
Follicle associated epithelium 82
Foxp3 207, 225
GM-CSF 16
Gut associated lymphoid tissue 82, 223
Helicobacter
hepaticus 204, 210
pylori 181, 197, 204, 211
Herpes simplex 13
Immunoactivation 182–183
and TLR 176–177
cross-talk between CLR and TLR 179–182
T cell suppression 195–198, 209–211
Immunoglobulin A 11, 83, 87, 225
Immunoglobulin G 83, 195
Immunoproeasome 53
Indirect antigen presentation 164
Inflammatory bowel disease 210, 227
Innate immunity 193–194
Interferon, type I 13, 14, 36–37, 90, 147
Interferon, type II 102, 145, 146, 195, 231
Interleukin-4 145
Interleukin-6 108
Interleukin-10 11, 87, 108, 145, 184, 225
induction of 201–204
Interleukin-12 10–13, 88, 108, 144, 184
suppression of 199–201, 205
Interleukin-17 194, 230
Interleukin-23 230
Interleukin-27 232
Internalin A 101
Intestinal mucosa, anatomy 81–2
Invariant chain 63
IRAK 30
IRF-2 17
IRF-3 33
IRF-4 17
IRF-7 33
IRF-8 17
ITAM motif 175, 182
ITIM motif 175
KIR 120, 121
Klebsiella 183
Lactobacillus 88, 182, 201, 202
reuteri 201
casei 201
Lamina propria 82
Legionella pneumophila 141
adaptive immune response 145–146
antigen presentation 62, 149–150
Dot/Icm system 142
growth in dendritic cells 148–149
growth in macrophages 146–148
innate immune response 144
Th1/Th2 balance 145
vacuole survival 70, 142–143
Leishmania major 8, 10, 11, 13, 181
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 27, 107
Lipotheicoic acid (LTA) 107
Listeria 32, 53, 201
innate immune response to 102–103
interaction with DCs 106–109
monocytogenes 32, 65, 67, 203
myeloid cell involvement 103–104
pathogenesis 101–102
presentation of antigens 72
Listeriolysin 101
Lox1 184
M cells 82
Mannose receptor (MR) 175, 179, 183
MAP kinase 31
MHC I presentation 52–63
apoptosis and cross-presentation 70–72, 164–165
cross-presentation 51, 58, 60
cytosolic pathway 52–56
“alternative pathway” 56
“classical pathway” 58
ER-phagosome fusion 60
interference by bacteria 67–70
phagosomal pathway 56–58
MHC I trafficking 57
MHC II presentation 63–67
autophagy 66
developmental regulation 64
endo-lysosomal pathway 63–65
interference by bacteria 67–70
of cytocol-derived antigens 65–67
Mycobacterium 58, 199, 202
bovis BCG 56, 69, 125, 182, 203
leprae 197
tuberculosis 39, 68, 176, 181, 182, 202–203
vaccae 209
MyD88-dependent, pathway 30–32, 106, 107
NADPH oxidase 99
Natural killer cells 102, 119
adaptive immunity 120
cross-talk with DCs mediated by bacteria 124–128
editing of DCs 126–127
interaction with DC during infection 128–130
NF-kB 31, 86
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 147
Inducible 99, 105, 163
NOD-LRR 143
NOD-1 37, 175
NOD-2 37, 85, 175, 227
Opsonization 164
OspA 197
Outer membrane protein A (ompA) 183
Ox40L 228
Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) 201
Pathogens, intracellular recognition 36–38
disturbance of TLR signaling 38–39
Peptidoglycan 37, 107
Phagosome
inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion 68–69
survival of virulent bacteria 69–70
PhoP/PhoQ 162
Porphyromonas gingivalis 177
Probiotics 201
Proteasome 52
PTX3 184
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) 184
Reovirus 12
RNA,
double-stranded 28, 36
single stranded 28, 36
Salmonella 56, 86, 182
as anticancer agent 165
immunosuppression 196
LPS from 177
Pathogenicity Island-2 (SPI2) 163
presentation of antigens 56, 58, 71, 161
processing and presentation in macrophages 162
processing in DCs 161–162
survival in DCs 69, 160–161
uptake in the gut 226
Schistosoma 177
mansoni 181, 184
Shigella 53
flexneri 67
SIGNR1 182
SREC-1 184
Streptococcus 67
gordonii 58
pneumoniae 182
pyogenes 209
TAP transporters 52
T cell anergy or suppression 195–198
Th1 cells 194
Th2 cells 194
Th IL17 230
Th1/Th2 axes 88–90, 130, 145, 181, 197
in Crohn’s disease 228
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) 88
TIR, domain 28
Tight junctions 81, 226
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 14, 27–28, 85, 173
cross-talk with CLR 179–183
in immune evasion 176–177
signaling in conventional DCs 28–34
signaling in plasmacytoid DCs 34–36
Toxoplasma gondii 10, 28
TRAF-6 17
T regulatory cells 90, 194
bacteria-induced 207–209
in bacterial infections 209–211
in inflammatory bowel disease 210
natural and inducible 206–207
Tri-acyl lipoprotein 28
TRIF-dependent, pathway 32–34
Tumor growth factor (TGF)-β 201–204, 225
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 102, 105, 199–201, 205
Ulcerative colitis 223, 232
Yersinia 177, 202, 226
enterocolitica 201, 202, 206
pseudotuberculosis 197