abbatoirs 113, 120, 141
Abbott, W. 116, 117, 120
Aberdeen 96, 106
Aberystwyth 75
Addy, J. 40, 55, 60, 63
advertising 163, 175
Africa 163
Akroyd 135
Albarella, U. and Davis, S. 64, 65
Alcester 143
Allen, R. 38, 58
America 149, 152, 163, 168, 170
Andover 146
Andrén, A. 4
Ardrossan 39
argand lamps 175
Argyll 27, 87
Arkwright 71
Ashmolean Museum 185–7
Ashurst, D. 174
Ashworth brothers 132
Asia 163
aspiration 9
asylums 136, 137, 141, 145, 148
Atcham 146
authority, local 94, 122
town 94, 95, 122, 188
Ayrshire 39, 62
bad character 126
bailtean 79
Ballycastle 173
Barnes 109
Barnet 137, 143
Barnsley 167, 174
Barnwell, P. and Giles, C. 70
Barra 128
Bath 90, 105, 108
Baudrillard 21
Beaudry, M. 182
Bedford 65, 139, 142
Bedfordshire 57, 139
beggars 125, 103, 141
Belford, P. 127, 134, 135, 187
Belper 111, 128
Bentham, J. 153
Bentley Brook 166
Berkshire 185
Bettyhill 84, 85
Bewcastle Fells 54
Birkenhead 112
Birmingham 105, 158, 173
Blackett, Sir W. 110
Blaenavon 132
Blair, G. 114
Blairdrummond Moss 52
bleach 33, 164–8
Blean 143
Board of Guardians 142, 148
Board Schools 138
body 144, 149
Bolsterstone 172, 174
Bolton 132, 166
Borsay, P. 91, 96, 110
Botany Bay 150
Boud, R. 36
Bourneville 71, 133
Bradwell 54
Braintree 184
Branigan, K. and Merrony, C. 128
bread 170
Bridge Union 143
bridges 94
Bridport 187
Briggs, A. 12, 103, 199
Brighton 95
Bristol 194
Britain 28, 194
British Library 13, 15, 200
Broadbottom 166
Brooks, A. 179, 180, 182
Brora 84
Buckinghamshire 68, 180, 193
Bucklebury Common 185
Bunting, J. 166
Burton, J. 111
Bury, J. 18, 28
Busteed, M. 194
Butlin, R. 58
Buxton 54, 123
Cadbury family 71, 133
Calcutta 171
Caledonian canal 84
Cambridge 103
Cambridgeshire 46
Campbell, C. 176
Canterbury 186
capital punishment 148, 149, 156
capitalism 6, 7, 10, 30, 58, 72, 86, 99, 150, 163, 190, 198
Cardiganshire 48, 76
Careys 179
Caribbean 58, 163
Castle Hedingham 185
categorisation 153
cattle 64, 65, 81
ceffyl pren 149
cellars 185
Celtic past 179
cemeteries 112–15, 120, 141
ceramics 68, 91, 97, 163, 164, 170, 171, 186
-Chinese 178, 180
-transfer printed 33, 178–83
Cervantes, M. 180
Cessnock 62
Chadwick, G. 110
Chambers, J. and Mingay, G. 61, 62
Chance brothers 173
Chapone, H. 16
charity 11, 121, 124, 136, 138, 147, 151, 199
Charlestone, R. 173
Charlestown 57
CHAT (Contemporary and Historical Archaeology and Theory) 3
Cheshire 70, 175
Chester 109, 133
Chesterfield 185
Chichester 90, 157, 160
Chichester Literary and Philosophical Society 90
child labour 133
Chilterns 39, 59
China 179, 195 see also ceramics
cholera 187
Christchurch and Bournemouth Union 142
Cistercians 11
civic pride 11, 90, 114
clachans 79, 84, 85, 87
Clare, J. 48
Clarewood 70
Clark, G. 120, 122
Clark, M. 38
class 6, 26–7, 86, 97, 132, 136, 156, 157, 160, 161, 171, 192, 197–200
classical past 25
classical style of architecture 93, 96–9, 105, 118, 157, 160
classification 143–5
cleaning 92, 94
-street 103–5, 119
cleanliness 67, 73, 86, 114, 126, 128, 132, 133, 150, 152, 160, 169, 170, 184, 195, 197
clearance narratives 79, 87
clover 51, 53, 56, 57
Clyde, River 71
Cobbett, W. 130
Colley, L. 28, 194
colonialism 190
Colyer, R. 59
Commission for Highland Roads and Bridges 84
commoners’ rights 47, 48
communication and transport 16, 33, 91, 163
compost 184
Condorcet, 156
consciousness-raising 6
conservatism 18, 24, 40, 41, 81, 130, 131, 157, 169, 181
consolidation of land tenure 57–9
consumption 164, 177, 196
contradictions 7
Cornewall, Sir G. 58
Cornwall 46, 70
Cossons, N. 164, 165
Courtney, P. 2
Coventry 142
Cowper, W. 85, 99
Cranstone, D. 2, 4
Crawshawbooth 166
crime 136, 141, 150
criminals 103, 152
crofts 79, 84–6
Crofts, Sheffield 134
Cromford 128
crops, new 51
Crossley, D. 3
Crystal Palace 173
cultivation 41, 62
culture 169, 170
Cumberland, G. 76
Cumberpatch, C. 170, 171, 182, 187, 196
Cumbria 54, 62, 193
Dale, D. 71
Dalglish, C. 27, 87
Daniell, W. 16
Darnton, R. 21
Darwin, E. 35, 63, 95
Davis, E. 62
Davis, S. and Beckett, J. 64
debtors 148
deer 80
Deetz, J. 6
Defoe, D. 58
Derby 111
Derbyshire 48, 54, 143, 166
deviants 136
Devine, T. 81
Devon 46, 54, 167
Dewhurst, L. 135
Dickens, C. 147, 181
Diderot and D’Alembert 174
discipline 6, 143
disease 108, 112, 151
-miasmatic theory of 102, 112, 113
DiZerga Wall, D. 134
Dodgshon, R. 81
Dore 142
Douglas, John 70
Doulton Pipe Works 102
drainage 47, 51, 66
-field 59–62, 88
-marsh and fen 59–62, 88
-storm 102, 103, 133
-tiles 60
dress 169
Driver, F. 125, 127
drunkenness 110, 126, 133
Dudley Flint Glassworks 174
Dudley, T. 119, 121
Duke, P. and Saitta, D. 190
Duncan, J. 39
Dundee 106
Dunfermline 106
Durham Ox 65
Dyos, H. 83
Earl of Abergavenny 171
Earl of Elgin 57
East Anglia 57, 60, 140, 193
East India Company 171
East Matfen 70
Eastbourne 142
Easter Island 55
Economic History Forum 38
Edgeworth, M. 100
Edinburgh 79, 90, 93, 105, 106, 108, 117, 154, 194
Edinburgh School of Arts 158
Egerton 132
Ellis, J. 90, 91, 93
Ely 143
emancipation 24, 125, 157
emigration 79, 81
emulation 124
Enclosure 32, 42–50, 66, 78, 83, 88
-Acts of 36, 43, 46, 116
-by agreement 42, 43, 48
-Parliamentary 42–6
-piecemeal 42
Engels, F. 73
English Heritage 2, 5
Enlightenment 19–21, 23, 28, 72, 122, 169, 178, 198
-Scottish 17–9, 28, 87
Ernle, Lord 37, 46
Essex 185
Etherow, River 166
etiquette 127
eugenics 126
Europe 28, 30, 183
Exeter 102, 103, 149, 151, 153
familiarity of recent past 10
farmhouses 58, 67
farms 58
-increasing size of 43
-machinery 63
fashion 97, 163
fens 44, 46, 51
ferries 84
field boundaries 42, 44, 45, 52
Fife 57
fisheries 84, 85
fishing ports 84
Fleming, Sir M. 70
floating meadows 56–7, 62, 74, 88
forestry 46, 75
Foucault, M. 21, 23, 149
Fourier, C. 73
Fraser, D. 138
Frazer, B. 48
Fry, E. 151
Gaimster, D. 2
gaols 148
garnish 149, 153
gas lighting 94, 100, 119, 132
gender 6, 134, 144, 168, 169
General Views 36, 39, 131
Georgian Order 6, 25, 96, 181
Georgian town 90, 108
Gilbert’s Act 139
Gilbert’s workhouses 139, 142
Giles, K. 136
Girouard, M. 12, 95, 108, 131, 175
Glasgow 114, 154, 165
glass 168
-blown cylinder 172–3
-broadsheet 172
-crown 172
-manufacture 172–5
-plate 173
-window 33, 164, 171–8
glasses, drinking 92
Glassie, H. 6
glassworks 173
Gloucester 151
Godwin, W. 19
Goffman, E. 177
Gold, J. and Gold, M. 83, 84
Goldsmith, O. 48
Gordon riots 154
Gosden, C. 41
Graham, A. and Gordon, J. 84
Gravesend and Milton Union 143
graveyards 144
Great Exhibition 173
Green 16
Greenock 158
Greenwich 145
Grenada 58
Gressenhall 142
Greystoke 62
guano 55
Gwynn, J. 97
Hafod 32, 67, 75–8
Halifax 135
Hall, M. 7–9
Hammond, J. and Hammond, B. 46
Hampshire 72
hand tools, agricultural 63
Harbottle 52
harbours 84
Harrison, J. 73
Harrogate 123
Harvey, N. 46, 52, 60, 61
Hayfield 143
Head, Sir F. 143
Hebrides 83, 128, 193
Helmsdale 84, 85
Helvetius 156
Henderson, W. 200
Henley-on-Thames 186, 187
Herefordshire 58, 142
Hertfordshire 101
Hexham 110
high farming 36, 68
High Wycombe 180
Highland Clearances 32, 78–87
Hindle, P. 45
historical archaeology 3, 9, 197
Hitt, T. 34
Hobsbawm, E. 21, 30
-and Rudé, G. 48
Hobson, J. 95
horses 63, 68, 75
Horsham 150
hospitals 138, 139, 141, 146, 148
housing 33, 125
-back-to-back 108, 131
-rural 35
Howard, J. 150, 151
Howell, D. 76
Howlett, Rev. J. 50
hub 145, 153
Hughes, S. 127
Hugo, V. 102
hulks, prison 150
Hull 101
humanism 21, 31
hunting 44, 74–5, 85
Huntingdonshire 46
husbandry 12
-convertible 55
hygiene 91, 113, 120, 151, 169, 183, 188
ice-houses 84
identity 7, 9, 144, 178, 194
-Scottish 79
ideology 6
Ignatieff, M. 148, 149, 151, 155
illegitimacy 110
immorality 113, 126, 134
improvement 26, 28, 32, 35, 155, 161–2, 182, 190–201
-as cross-cutting ethic 16
-aesthetic of 67, 74, 122, 168, 183, 192
-agricultural 11–3, 32, 34–66, 131, 191, 198, 199
Improvement Acts 32, 119, 187
Improvement Commissions 32, 94, 95, 119
India 171
indigenous people 16, 41, 86
individual 7, 23–5, 72, 82, 125
freedom of 122, 130, 192
individualism 72, 86, 106, 136
indoor relief 139, 141, 147
Industrial archaeology 2, 5, 33, 164, 196, 197
industrial production 30, 91, 190
inequality 6, 7, 9
infectious disease 101
inns and pubs 92, 115, 136, 149, 159
Institute for the Formation of Character 72
institutions 33, 103, 125, 135–60
Ipswich 154
Irish, attitudes to 82
Jewell, A. 65
Johnby Wythes 62
Johnes, T. 75
Johnson, M. 8, 49
Jones and Son 179
Jones, D. 48
Jones, E. 40
Jones, E. and Falkus, M. 94
Kames, Lord 20, 52
Kent 143, 185, 186, 193
Kerkham, C. and Briggs, S. 76
Kerridge, E. 38
Kettering 149
Killock, D. 102
Kilmarnock 158
kilns, lime 54
Klein, T. 182
Kumar, K. 26
Lake District 70
Lambeth 188
Lampeter 144
Lanarkshire 71
Lancashire 52, 165, 166, 175
landlords 47
landscape 13, 32, 34, 161
-rural 67–89
later historical archaeology 4, 5, 10, 29
Launceston 64, 65
Laurie, D. 17, 31
Leam, River 117, 119, 120
Leamington Spa 100, 115–23, 157, 200
leases 47
leBlanc system 165
Leeds 95, 139, 146
Leeds Moral and Industrial Training School 146
Leicester 109, 114, 159
leisure 118, 122
Leominster 142
Leone, M. 6–8
Leslie, M. and Raylor, T. 41
less eligibility 140, 141, 146, 151
Lever brothers 71
Leverhulme, Lord 83
Lewis and Harris, island of 83
libraries 157, 181
light 67, 126
lighting 92, 94, 100–1, 114, 119, 178
lime 54, 57, 88
Lincolnshire 52
literacy 21, 156, 158, 181, 200
Literary and Philosophical Societies 126, 136, 157–9
Liverpool 95, 105, 112, 115, 154, 158
livestock 39, 47, 53, 64–6, 68, 84
local and national 115, 178, 193
London 79, 83, 91, 100–3, 105, 107, 108, 111, 113, 117, 119, 142, 143, 149, 150, 178, 186
London Bridge 109
Loudon, J. C. 111, 113
Louw, H. 177
Lowe, J. 72, 132
Lucas, G. 68, 146, 179–82
lunatics 103
Lytham Moss 52
machinery, agricultural 68, 70
MacKendrick, N., Brewer, J. and Plumb, J. 163
MacKenzie, A. 83
Malthusian check 40
Manchester 97, 105, 146, 159
manuals, agricultural 41
manufacture 163, 164, 196
manuring 47, 51, 53, 55, 63, 68, 105 see also compost
Markus, T. 136, 146, 148, 150, 154, 156, 158
marl 51, 54, 88
Marx, K. 20, 47, 73
Marxist archaeology 6–10
material culture 5, 29, 49
Matlock 166
Matthews, K. 133
Mawson, D. 54
McCloskey, D. 46
McRae, A. 41
Mechanic’s Institutes 33, 115, 136, 156–60
medieval period 25, 64, 136, 139, 149, 191
medieval/post-medieval transition 3
Melton Mowbray 75, 138
Merseyside 112
Merthyr Tydfil 147
middle ages, see medieval period
Middlesex 91
Mill, J.S. 22, 23
Millar, J. 17
mills, 87
mineral extraction 46
Mingay, G. 43, 46, 47, 129, 131
Mintz, S. 170
Miskell, L. 106
model farm 68, 69, 74
model villages 35
modernity 10, 11
mole 61
moral duty 41
moral economy 99, 106, 200
morality 99–101, 106–7, 114, 125, 133, 136, 144, 170
Moreland, J. 4
Morrison, K. 140, 142, 145, 146
motivation 9
Municipal Corporations Act 94
Murray, W. 52
mutuality 24
Napoleonic Wars 30, 49, 51, 125
narratives 79
National Penitentiaries 150
National Prison Inspectorate 151
nationalism, Scottish 28
nature 169
neo-Palladianism 96
Nevell, M. 164–7
New Eagley 132
New England 168
New Harmony 73
New Lanark 20, 71–3, 127
New River 101
New York 134, 188
Newcastle 105, 172
Newgate 149–51, 154
Newman, R. 2, 3
nightlife 101
Norfolk 57, 78, 80, 142, 147
Northampton 150, 185
Northamptonshire 46
Northumberland 52, 70
Northwich 141
Norwich 66
Nottinghamshire 140
Nuisance Removal Act 122
numbers, house 96, 106
Ogborn, M. 103, 105
Old Bailey 148
order 67
Orkney 193
Orser, C. 3, 8, 28
Osterley Park 173
outdoor relief 139, 141, 147
overcrowding 72, 91, 125, 126, 128, 131
-prison 150
Overton, M. 38, 40, 48, 51, 53
Owen, R. 19, 20, 71–3, 121, 200
Oxford 176, 182, 185–7
Oxfordshire 39
Palmer, M. 2
Palmer, M. and Neaverson, P. 5, 128
paper mills 167
Paris 102
parish relief 129
parks and gardens 10, 33, 35, 46, 70, 74
parks, urban 99, 110, 122
past, attitudes to 16, 22, 25, 35, 67, 89, 97, 169
paternalism 82, 124, 125, 132, 135, 137, 192
Paterson 147
Paul, G.O. 151
pauperism 126, 138, 140, 141, 143
paving 94, 105, 119
Paving Commission 105, 106
Pearce, J. 92
Pentonville 155
perfectibility of man 19
Perth 166
Peru 55
Philanthropic Society 124
philanthropy 9, 122, 135–7, 192, 200
Phillips, A. 60–2
phrenology 126
physiocrats 19
physiognomy 126
pigs 65–6, 113, 120
Place, F. 175
planning, town 91, 92, 108, 119, 134
plantations 7, 58, 72, 163
ploughs 63
Pluciennik, M. 19, 35, 87
polite society 181, 182
Pollard, S. 19
Poor Law -Amendment Act 141
-Commissioners 142, 146, 194
-New 24, 31, 138–43, 146, 147
-Old 139
-Scottish 141, 147
Poor Relief Act 139
poor, the 24, 33, 47, 88, 129, 161, 198, 200
popular justice 149
population 30, 39, 40, 48, 81, 91, 116, 129
Port Sunlight 71
Porter, R. 21, 23, 31, 95
Portland Bill 171
Portland, Duke of 62
Portsea 143, 145
Post Medieval Archaeology, Society for 2, 3
post-medieval archaeology 2–4, 9
Post-Medieval Archaeology journal 5
potato 82
poultry 65, 66
poverty 136, 138
power, social 9
Prebble, J. 80
Preston 151
Prestwick Carr 52
Price, R. 17
prison hulks 150
prisons 31, 33, 113, 126, 136, 137, 141, 143, 148–56, 160
privacy 130, 133
private ownership 50
productivity, agricultural 38, 39
profit 35, 66, 86
progress 6, 12, 18–20, 87
Quatt 146
Queenwood 72
race 6
rationality 22, 25–6, 40, 50, 73
Ravenhead 173
reason, see rationality
Rebecca riots 76
Reed 40
Rees, A. 165, 168
religion 25, 36, 41, 197, 199
Repton, H. 74, 103
residency in parish, see settlement (in parish)
resistance 7, 8, 48
Retford 143
revolution 30
-agricultural 37–42, 46, 62, 65
-consumer 163–4, 176
-industrial 37, 81
Rhos-gelli-gron 48
Richards, E. 80, 81
riding the stang 149
roads 43–5, 52, 74, 94
Roberts, J. 12, 15, 64, 110
Roberts, M. 124, 125
Robey, A. 103
romanticism 53, 74, 78, 82, 169, 176, 179
Romney Marsh 52
rookeries 107, 127
rotations, crop 45, 47, 51, 53, 55, 57, 63
-Norfolk 4-course 53, 56
Royal Agricultural Society of England 60
rubbish disposal 105, 195
rubbish pits 33, 105, 183–8
Rugg, J. 113
rural people 35, 37, 47, 129
rus in urbe 101
Rye 52
Sackett, H. 59
Salford 151
salt 169
Salt, T. 71
Saltaire 71, 127
sanitation 72, 101, 102, 125, 131, 134
Satchwell, B. 116, 117, 120, 121, 200
Scarborough 111
Scarborough, Earl of 62
scavengers 185
Schiffer, M. 183
schools 31, 72, 74, 121, 135, 136, 156
Schopenhauer, J. 175
Schuyler, R. 9
science 16, 158
scientific farming 36, 69
Scotland 36, 54, 57, 71, 78
Scott, Sir W. 180, 181
Scottish highlands 45, 57, 67, 78–87
secularisation of building types 136
segregation 126, 128, 130, 132–4, 139, 140, 142, 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 160, 198
self-cultivation, see self-improvement
self-improvement 12, 16, 121, 124, 137, 157, 160, 170, 176, 182, 183, 193, 198
self-presentation 177
separate system 155
settlement (in parish) 130
settlements 16
-rural 67–73, 83, 88
-abandonment of 70 see also towns
sewers 102, 113, 120, 122, 188
sheep 64, 65, 80, 84, 85
Sheffield 134, 135, 187
shipping and fisheries 16
shops and shopping 101, 175
-window 101, 176
Shropshire 178
silent system 152, 153
SingSing 152
Sinnott-Armstrong 22
skimmingtons 149
Skinner, Q. 27
Slaney, R. 15
slaves 7
slum clearance 91
slums 133, 134
Smith, A. 19, 20, 22–4
Smithfield 105
Smollett, T. 51, 170
Smout, T.C. 16, 28, 47, 52, 57, 73
Snell, K. 24, 129, 130
sobriety 160
social science 125
socialism 30, 72, 135
societies, agricultural and scientific 36
Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle 53
society, concept of 11, 22–3, 110, 125
sociology 23
Somerset 54
South Uist 87
Southampton 146
Southey, R. 82
Southwell 140, 145
Spitalfields Mathematical Society 158
squatters 48, 74, 76
St Helens 173
St Kilda 178
St Mary Cray 185, 186
St Mary’s, Southampton 146
St Marylebone 139, 143
stadial view of history 19, 35
Staffordshire 175
state, control by 138, 198
Statistical Accounts 36, 39, 131
steam engine 63, 68
steam pump 52
stigma 141
St-Leonard’s-on-Sea 111
Stormontfield 166
Stowe, H.B. 83
street layouts 127
Strutt, J. 111
Styal 128
subaltern groups 6, 7, 23
sugar 169
surveillance 107, 134, 143, 145, 146, 153, 154
Sussex 150
Sutherland 83
Swansea 127
Swing riots 48
symmetry 142
Symonds, J. 87
systems theory 39, 192
tai unnos 48
Taplin, W. 200
taste 192
tea 163
technology 164
tenant farmers 47
Tennant, C. 165
text-free zones 4
Thirsk, J. 41
Thomas, J. 21
Thomas, R. 64, 65
Thompson, E.P. 46
Thomson 180, 181
Thomson, W. 193
threshing machines 63
tile tax 61
timber 74, 78
Times, The 141
Timmins, G. 132
tobacco 163
Tories, see conservatism
towns 32, 90–123
Toynbee, A. 46
transportation of prisoners 148–50
treadmills 151
Tull, J. 63
Tunbridge Wells 108
Turner, M. 46
turnips 51, 53, 56
Tylecote, M. 159
typhus 113, 150
Tyrconnel, Lord 103
Tyson, B. 70
unemployment 130
uniforms 143, 144, 155
union workhouse 24
unions, parish 139
United States 58, 73, 182
universities 158
upland 46, 51
Upper Clydesdale 57
utilitarianism 22
utopianism 19, 20, 26, 72, 73, 137
Uxbridge 91, 92
ventilation 107–12, 114, 126
vernacular architecture 115, 131, 193
Verrerie Angloise 174
Victoria Parks 110
Victorian city 90, 91
views 105, 176, 177
Vincent, D. 21
visiting 127
voluntary organisations 124, 136, 147
Vose 172–4
Wade Martins, S. 12, 68
-and Williamson, T. 56
Wakefield, P. 16
Wales 48, 59, 75, 128
Walker, G. 113
Warminster Common 184
Warwick 117, 121, 185
Warwickshire 116
waste 45, 46, 48, 51, 53, 74
water supply 101–3, 113, 120, 122, 132, 133, 188
wax, candle 168
Weber, M. 176
wells 185
Westmorland 49
wheat 53
whiggishness 6, 17
whiteness 168–71
Whyte, I. 49, 71
Wilberforce, W. 72, 199
Wilkes, R. 63
Williamson, T. 10, 12, 35, 42, 56, 60, 61, 80, 193
Wilmot, S. 36, 199
Wiltshire 184
Winchester 143
windows -sash 177
-shop 176
Winter, J. 18, 34, 62
Woburn 57
women 7, 23, 24, 128, 145, 156, 160, 169
woodland 46, 47, 51
workhouse 31, 33, 121, 126, 136–48, 155, 156, 160
workhouse test 141, 147, 198
working people 16, 72, 86, 124–62
Worsley 96
Worth, D. 100
Wrathmell, S. 70
Wrigley 40
Wurst, L. 8
Yentsch, A. 168, 171, 182
yeoman’s revolution 38
Yield 35
Yorkshire 62, 100, 174, 175
Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Associations 193
Young, A. 35, 39, 64, 88, 89
Ystwyth, River 78